Sir Muhammad Iqbal (1876 – 21 April 1937) was a South Asian Muslim writer, philosopher, scholar and politician, whose poetry in the Urdu language is regarded as one of the greatest figures of the 20th and 21st centuries, and among the Muslims of British-ruled India His vision of a cultural and political ideal for Pakistan was to animate the impulse. He is commonly referred to by the reverential “Allama” by the people.

Born and brought up in an ethnic Kashmiri Muslim family in Sialkot, Punjab, Iqbal completed his B.A. and M.A. at Government College Lahore. He taught Arabic from 1898 to 1902 at the Oriental College, Lahore. During this time, he wrote extensively. Urdu poems that are popular in 1902 include “Parinde ki Faryaad” (Prayer of a Bird), an early meditation on animal rights, and Tarana-e-Hindi (Song of Hindustan) a patriotic poem—both poems composed for children .

In 1904, he went to Europe for further studies, first to England, where he obtained a second B.A. at Trinity College, Cambridge, and later he was called to the bar of Lincoln’s Inn, and then to Germany, where he obtained his Ph.D. Received. in philosophy at the University of Munich. After returning to Lahore in 1907.

He established a law practice, but concentrated on writing scholarly works on politics, economics, history, philosophy and religion. He is best known for his works of poetry and writing poems, which include “Asrar-e-Khudi” – after the publication of which he was awarded knighthood, Rumuz-e-Bekhudi and Bang-e-Dara . In Iran since 1907, where he is known as Iqbal-i Lahori (Iqbal of Lahore), he is highly respected for his Persian works.

From the very beginning, Iqbal regarded Rumi as his guide and Ashraf Ali Thanvi as the greatest living authority on Rumi’s teachings. He was a strong supporter of the political and spiritual revival of Islamic civilization in almost all countries of the world, but especially in South Asia; In 1908 a series of lectures given by him to this effect were published as The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam. Iqbal was elected to the Punjab Legislative Council in 1926 and held several positions in the All India Muslim League.

In his presidential address at the League’s annual meeting in Allahabad in 1931, he laid out a political framework for Muslims in British-ruled India. Iqbal died in 1937. After the formation of Pakistan in 1948, he was named the national poet there. He is also known by the Punjabi given names “Hakim-ul-Ummat” (“The Sage of the Ummah”) and “Mufaqkir-e-Pakistan” (“The Thinker of Pakistan”). The anniversary of his birth (Yom-e Veladat-e Muhammad Iqbal), used to be a public holiday in Pakistan until November 9, 2019. Abul Hasan Ali Hasani Nadvi wrote Glory of Iqbal to introduce him to the Arab world.

Iqbal was born on 9 November 1876 to an ethnic Kashmiri family in Sialkot, Punjab Province of British India (now in Pakistan). His family was a Kashmiri Pandit (of the Sapru clan) who converted to Islam in the 16th century and had its roots in a village in Kulgam in South Kashmir. In the 18th century, when the Sikh Empire was conquering Kashmir, his grandfather’s family moved to Punjab.

Iqbal’s paternal grandfather was the seventh cousin of Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru, an important lawyer and freedom fighter who eventually became an admirer of Iqbal. Iqbal often mentioned and recalled his Kashmiri ancestry in his writings. According to 20th scholar Annemarie Schimmel, Iqbal often wrote of his “being the son of Kashmiri-Brahmins but familiar with the wisdom of Rumi and Tabriz”.

Iqbal’s father, Sheikh Noor Muhammad (died 1931), was a tailor, not formally educated, but a religious man. Iqbal’s mother named Imam Bibi who was a Kashmiri from Sambrial, was described as a humble and modest woman who helped the destitute poor and their neighbors in problems. He died on 9 November 1916 at Sialkot. Iqbal loved his mother very much, and on her death he expressed his feelings of compassion through song in an elegy: Iqbal was born on 9 November 1876 in Sialkot in the Punjab province of British India (now in Pakistan) Was born in Kashmiri family.

His family was a Kashmiri Pandit (of the Sapru clan), who converted to Islam in the 15th century and had its roots in a village in Kulgam in south Kashmir. In the 18th century, when the Sikh Empire was conquering Kashmir, Dada’s family moved to Punjab. Iqbal’s paternal grandfather was the seventh cousin of Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru, an important lawyer and freedom fighter who eventually became an admirer of Iqbal. Iqbal mentioned and recalled his Kashmiri ancestry in his writings in the 1980s. According to scholar Annemarie Schimmel in 1982, Iqbal often wrote of his “being the son of Kashmiri-Brahmins but familiar with the wisdom of Rumi and Tabrez”.

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Unknown Facts About Sir Muhammad Iqbal

• Does Sir Muhammad Iqbal moke?                                       No
• Does Sir Muhammad Iqbal drink alcohol?                          No
• Iqbal was three years old when he was sent to a mosque to receive instruction in reading the Quran.
• He learned Arabic and Farsi from his teacher Syed Mir Hasan, head of the madrassa and professor of Arabic at Scotch.
• Mission College in Sialkot, where he matriculated in 1892.
• Sir Muhammad Iqbal obtained an Intermediate level in 1894 with a Faculty of Arts Diploma.
• In the same year Sir Muhammad Iqbal enrolled at the Government College University, where he obtained a Bachelor of Arts in Philosophy, English Literature and Arabic in 1896 and Khan Bahadurdin F.S. Jalaluddin Medal because he did well in Arabic.
• In 1898, Sir Muhammad Iqbal obtained a Master of Arts degree from the same college and stood first in Philosophy at the University of the Punjab.
• Sir Muhammad Iqbal first marriage took place in 1894 when he was 17 years old. His bride, Karim Bibi, was the daughter of Khan Bahadur Ata Muhammad Khan, a Gujarati physician.
• Sir Muhammad Iqbal sister director and music composer “Khwaja Khurshid” was his maternal mother.
• Their families arranged the marriage, and after the wedding the couple had two children; a daughter, Miraj Begum, and a son, Aftab Iqbal, who became a barrister. Another son is said to have died after birth in 1902.
• Sir Muhammad Iqbal and Karim Bibi separated sometime between 1911 and 1914. Despite this, he continued to support her financially until his death.
• Iqbal’s second marriage was to Mukhtar Begum, and it took place the previous November, shortly after the death of Iqbal’s mother in December 1915.
• They had a son, but both mother and son died shortly after his birth in 1923.
• Later, Iqbal married Sardar Begum, and they became the parents of a son, Javed Iqbal (1923–2015), who became a senior judge of the Supreme Court of Pakistan, and a daughter, Munira Bano (born 1931). One of Munira’s sons is the philanthropist-cum-socialist Yusuf Salahuddin.
• Sir Muhammad Iqbal was influenced by the teachings of Sir Thomas Arnold, his philosophy teacher at Government College Lahore, to pursue higher education in Europe.
• In 1906, Sir Muhammad Iqbal traveled to England for that purpose. While he was already acquainted with Friedrich Nietzsche and Henri Bergson, Iqbal discovered Rumi 10 days before leaving for England, and would teach Masnavi to his friend Swami Ram Mishra, who would in turn teach him Sanskrit.
• Sir Muhammad Iqbal qualified for a scholarship to Trinity College, University of Cambridge, and obtained a Bachelor of Arts in 1905.
• This degree, made him eligible to practice as a lawyer, as was being practiced in those days. He was called to the Bar as a barrister at Lincoln’s Inn in 1906, the same year.
• In 1908,Sir Muhammad Iqbal went to Germany to pursue his doctorate, and in 1909 earned a Doctor of Philosophy degree from the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich.
• As early as 1909, working under the guidance of Friedrich Hummel, Iqbal’s doctoral thesis was entitled The Development of Metaphysics in Persia. Among his fellow students in 1910 Munich was “Hans-Hasso von” Veltheim, who later visited Iqbal the day before his death.
• In 1934, after returning from a trip to Spain and Afghanistan, Iqbal fell ill with a mysterious throat ailment.
• Sir Muhammad Iqbal spent his last years (1935) helping Chaudhary Niaz Ali Khan to set up the Dar ul Islam Trust Institute at Jamalpur Estate near Pathankot, where it was planned to subsidize studies in classical Islam and contemporary social sciences.
• Sir Muhammad Iqbal also advocated an independent Muslim state. Iqbal stopped practicing law in 1935 and was pensioned by the Nawab of Bhopal.
• In his last years (1938), he often visited the Dargah of the famous Sufi Ali Hujwiri in Lahore for spiritual guidance.
• After suffering for months from his illness, Iqbal died in Lahore on 21 April 1939.
• It is believed that he breathed his last while listening to a Kafi by the famous singer and Pir “Bulleh Shah”. Since 1939 his mausoleum has been located in Hazuri Bagh, the enclosed garden between the Badshahi Mosque and the Lahore Fort entrance, and official guards are provided by the Government of Pakistan.

People Also Ask About Khan Sir

1. What is Muhammad Iqbal famous for?
ANS:- He is best known for his poetic works, which include Asrar-e-Khudi – after the publication of which he was awarded knighthood, Rumuz-e-Bekhudi and Bang-e-Dara. In Iran, where he is known as Iqbal-e Lahori (Iqbal of Lahore), he is highly respected for his Persian works.

2. How many children does Allama Iqbal have?
ANS:- Allama Iqbal’s third wife Sardar Begum had two children, Javed Iqbal son and Munira Bano daughter. The woman on the right in the picture is Allama Iqbal’s sister.

3. Why is Iqbal a hero?
ANS:- Iqbal was threatened by the owners of the carpet factory and was murdered on 16 April 1996. He is a symbol of the fight against child labor and in 2005, he posthumously (after his death) received the first World Children’s Prize for Child Rights.

4. Was Iqbal a Shia Muslim?
ANS:- Yes, despite his Sunni heritage, Iqbal himself becomes an important invocation, and therefore a rhetorical device, for validating Shia texts of Islamic history.

5. What is God according to Iqbal?
ANS:- Iqbal argues that the Self is the root of all existence, that the human ego has a central place in the universe, while it is at the same time linked to the Supreme Ego (i.e., God). According to Iqbal: The gradually rising tone of the ego runs through the whole gamut of existence until it reaches perfection in man.

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